May 2025 – Present

AI Research Scientist

Apodex, Singapore · Singapore

Pretraining data acquisition and quality

Since May 2026, I have focused on acquiring and assessing data for pretraining.

  • Built acquisition from scratch to an average of multiple billions of raw HTML pages per day, alongside PDFs and other information-rich documents.
  • Moved from on-demand fetching to offline batch processing; improved crawl success from 65% to over 90%, including through page rendering.
  • Combined domain quality scores with lightweight models for URL scoring.

Agent harness and multi-agent systems

From May 2025 to May 2026, I built the deep-research agent harness from scratch and led its core architecture as development grew from a solo effort to four or five contributors.

I designed multi-source verification to check research claims against external evidence, and enabled parallel tool use and multi-agent coordination. I also contributed to MiroFlow and MiroThinker through framework development, evaluation, and open-source preparation.

Current Public Work

  • Apodex 1.1 — Research agents that work with files, data, code, and tools. Public model: Apodex-1.1-mini. FrontierAgent harness.
  • Apodex 1.0 — Verification-focused agents for deep research. Public model: Apodex-1.0-mini.

Earlier Projects

Earlier Publications